WHAT IS PHONOLOGY ?

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I'll writing here about Phonology.

                           

• Phonology is the study of the sound systems of languages.
• Phonology is the aspects of language related to the distinctive features of the representation and reception of sound system of language.
• Phonology is the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes.
• Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.
• Phonology is the study of the way sounds function in languages,including phonemes,syllable structure stress,accent,intonation,and which sounds are distinctive units within a language;the way sounds function within a given language.

There are two kinds of phonology.Phonetics and Phonemics.Phonetics is the study of how the phonemic sounds of a language are pronounced.Where as phonetic science studies the workings of human organs,especially those related to the use and pronunciation of languages.Phonemic is a part of phonology which studies the sound of speech according to its function as a differentiator of meaning.

Phonology is just one of several aspects of language.It is related to other aspects such as phonetics,morphology,syntax and pragmatics.

Here is an illustration that shows the place of phonology in an interacting hierarchy of levels in linguistics :

    Phonology, in contrast to phonetics, focuses not on sounds as individual phenomena but on the function they fulfill in speech as components of more complex semantic units—morphemes and words. For this reason, phonology is sometimes called functional phonetics. The Russian linguist N. S. Trubetskoi defined the relationship between phonology and phonetics as follows: the basis of any phonological description is the determination of distinctive sound oppositions, and a phonetic description is the basis and the source of material for a phonological description.

    The basic unit of phonology is the phoneme, and phonology focuses on the study of phonemic oppositions, which in their aggregate constitute a language’s phonological system, or its phonological paradigmatics. A phonemic system is described in terms of distinctive features, which are the basis of phonemic oppositions. Distinctive features are combinations of articulatory and acoustic properties of sounds and are manifested in such phonemic contrasts as voiced-voiceless and open-closed. A major concept of phonology, that of position, facilitates the description of phonological syntagmatics, that is, the principles according to which phonemes are manifested within the different environments of the speech sequence. In particular, phonological syntagmatics deals with the principles according to which phonemic oppositions and phonemic positional variations are neutralized.

                 

   
Phonology can be related to many linguistic disciplines,including psycholinguistics,cognitive science,sociolinguistics,and language acquisition.Principles of phonology can also be applied to treatments of speech pathologies and innovations in technology.It terms of speech recognation,system can be designed to translate spoken data into text.In this way,computers process the language like our brains do.The same process that occur in the mind of a human when producing and receiving language occur in machines.One example of machines decoding language is the popular intelligence system,Siri.

     

Phonological Rules

One of the main components of phonology is the study and discovery of phonological rules. Rules are the way phonologists predict how a speech sound will change depending on its position in various speech environments. For example, the final 's' sounds in 'helps' and 'crabs' follow a simple-to-understand phonological rule. In these words, the 's' sound changes depending on what speech sound immediately precedes it.

Let's take a second and speak the following words out loud, paying close attention to the final 's' sound and the sounds immediately preceding it. (Hint: Put two fingers on your throat as you pronounce the final sound and the sound immediately before it. See if you can notice what happens.)

• Helps
• Crabs
• Sits
• Looks
• Words
• Gloves 

   Here's a little bit about what is phonology.We can learn more about it sooner by many kind of ways.I hope all of you can learn it too.

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